New Consumption Patterns Of African Slavery And The Sugar...

New consumption patterns with the introduction of sugar in the sixteenth century triggered a commercial demand that changed the world forever and harbored consequences that lasts today. One can certainly argue massive epidemics in today’s world such as obesity, dental decay, poverty and racism (just to name a few), can almost always be linked to this â€Å"goodness†. Also linked to sugar is one of the most torrid events in our history, that being the enslavement of millions, more specifically the enslavement of Africans to produce this killer we call sugar. Why were Africans the exclusive source for slave labor in the New World? This essay will discuss why I believe haphazard developments in the old world introduced African slavery and the sugar plantation system from the Mediterranean into the Atlantic and across to the Americas. It will also discuss my disagreement with David Eltis that Africans were only enslaved because white Europeans unconsciously exempted them selves from it. Lastly, I will touch on the political fragmentation of Africa and racial justifications which made this possible. David Brion Davis was certainly correct when he basically stated Sugar was the mother of Atlantic slavery (Northrup 2011), so let’s start where this all began, the Crusades. Before the crusades Europeans didn’t even know of sugars existence and previously depended on fruits and honey to ramp up the taste in their dull diets. We can thank the Arabs for this deadly introduction andShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Early Modern Period1523 Words   |  7 Pagesforging new global economies and new biological and socio-cultural exchanges. The Europeans wanted to expand their international reach, in order to: meet the demand for spices, find new sources of precious metal, find new trade routes, and spread Christianity. 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The constructionRead MoreBrazil Culture17445 Words   |  70 PagesISTANBUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JANUARY 2007 .INDEX Preface†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 I. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 II.CULTURAL PATTERNS OF BRAZIL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A. Social Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Historical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2. Geographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 3. Demographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 4. Political†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 5. Economic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13Read MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 Pagesversion of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included document. The suggestions certainly do not exhaust the possibilities; students, no doubt, will create other valid and persuasive organizational patterns and document applications. Here, the documents are discussed in order to facilitate easy teacher reference. Students, of course, must link documents to their individual essay structures; they should not simply discuss them in the order they appearRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. 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Value Chain Analysis Business World s Most Valuable...

If you are searching for a way to gain an edge on your competition, consider one of the business world s most valuable tools: the value chain analysis. Value chain analysis relies on the basic economic principle of advantage — companies are best served by operating in sectors where they have a relative productive advantage compared to their competitors. Simultaneously, companies should ask themselves where they can deliver the best value to their customers. To conduct a value chain analysis, the company begins by identifying each part of its production process and identifying where steps can be eliminated or improvements can be made. These improvements can result in either cost savings or improved productive capacity. The end result is that customers derive the most benefit from the product for the cheapest cost, which improves the company s bottom line in the long run. I work with FITC, Financial InstitutionsTraining Centre. It is owned by the Bankers Committee, which comprises the Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation, all licensed banks and Discount Houses in Nigeria. FITC is Nigeria s apex human capacity building institution in the Financial SERVICE Sector. It provides solutions to the needs of its numerous clients through Training, Consulting and Research intervention and collaboration with renowned international training outfits to address perceived training gaps in the Public and Private Sectors. FITC Consulting activities include; eShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And The Global Economy1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof production and exchange, value chain analysis provides a valuable methodological tool for explaining these developments. Generally speaking, â€Å"Value† is defined as â€Å"any activity that increases the market form or function of the product or service.† And in today’s business climate, you need to maximize the value of every process in your business. A value chain is a set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the marketRead MoreMcdonalds and Hotels1190 Words   |  5 PagesMcDonald s Hotels Written Case Analysis By Sean Bibbey SWOT Analysis External Environment The external environment of the hotel industry in is very competitive and already well established. Trends in the market include promotional campaigns to customers using the more bang for your buck, method. There are several different segments of the hotel industry including: luxury, upscale, mid-market with food and beverage, mid-market without food and beverage, economy, and budgetRead MorePlanning Techniques1722 Words   |  7 Pages8/26/2011 PLANNING TECHNIQUES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. SEVEN PLANNING TECHNIQUES A Framework/Methodology 7. Stages of growth Critical Success Factors Competitive Forces Model Value Chain Analysis Internet Value Matrix Linkage Analysis Planning Scenario Planning STAGES OF GROWTH ï‚ ¢ CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS 1977 Jack Rockart, Center for Information Systems Research (CISR), Sloan School of Management, MIT ï‚ ¢ A method for defining executive information systems needs ï‚ ¢ Focuses on individualRead MoreCritical Analysis On Management Capabilities Of Jb Hi Fi1385 Words   |  6 Pages(BUS5SSM) Critical Analysis on â€Å"Management capabilities of JB Hi Fi†. Submitted by: MOHIT DAHIYA – 18796092 A company always requires a good management to succeed in the long run. Management is the way toward achieving hierarchical objectives by working with and through individuals and other authoritative assets. It is a procedure or arrangement of proceeding and related exercises. 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Analyzing own strengths and weaknesses and capturing new opportunities or avoiding threats, are one of the most important factors for reaching this goal. This paper is dealing with the German apparel â€Å"Adidas†, which is one of the world’s largest manufacturers for sportswear and sport utilities. But why are they one of the leading global players in this certainRead MoreChevron (Value Chain + Core Competencies)1423 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction 4 The Value Chain 4 Operations 5 Outbound logistics 5 Technology 6 Core Competencies 6 Conclusion 7 References 9 Introduction Chevron Corporation is multinational energy organization engaged in every facet of the oil, natural gas and thermal energy industries. Its downstream operations include selling products such as fuels, lubricants and petrochemicals to the global market. 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What Thoughts Run Through Your Mind Essay - 948 Words

Introduction Midterm, professor has just posted your grades online, you know you got either and A, B, C, D or F. You studied hard for an exam. You go online to see what grade you have received. Say you got an F. What thoughts run through our mind? Say you got an A. What thoughts run through your mind? System in America is a societal norm; however, important to analyze the system. Experienced the letter grading system since early elementary school, it is important not just to accept the system but to take a closer look at the system. I accepted the reality of the system ; time to inform myself about the system. After researching, I understand the three perspectives of the advantages, disadvantages, and a potential modification of the system. Therefore, I would like to assess multiple perspectives on the traditional A to F grading system by exploring the advantages, disadvantages, and a modification of the system to provide more insight and provoke thoughts. Sharing this information today and then hearing your opinions; better understanding of the grading system employed in America. End of our discussion, think more about the system in place as opposed to being a participant in the system. Signpost: First, we will explore the perspective of the system being advantageous. Body Advantageous due to four factors: precedent, source of recognition, promotion of academics rigor, and ease of comparison. First, according Thomas Guskey author of â€Å"Making the Grade: What BenefitsShow MoreRelatedSoftball Isn’T An Easy Game And Many People Make It Sound1254 Words   |  6 PagesSoftball isn’t an easy game and many people make it sound very informal. But what most people don’t understand is that this sport isn’t just a game where players run from base to base. The sports requires mental thoughts and training through the athletes’ minds when doing so. 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Hamlet Journal Assignments free essay sample

It constructs character that of the speaker and others. It explores ideas. It gives Hamlets version of events. Suggest a reading of your own. Entry 5- Act I scene iii What, do you think, are the invited readings of Polonius, Laertes, and Ophelia, their relationships and what they say? For example, are the speeches of Polonius to be read as good advice or as pompous hypocrisy? What other readings are possible? Cite evidence to support or refute each of the following readings. Polonius gives largely good advice to Laertes. Polonius gives largely meaningless advice to Laertes. Polonius sees it as his fatherly duty to instruct his son. The advice of Polonius and Laertes to Ophelia is motivated by self-interest. Polonius and Laertes want to protect Ophelia, whom they see as an innocent. Laertes must obey his father in all respects. Ophelia accepts the advice of her father and brother without argument. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Journal Assignments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Laertes can disregard his fathers advice without serious consequences. Ophelia has no choice but to obey her father. (cont. next page) Reread Ophelias speech beginning, l shall the effect of this good lesson keep (l. iii. 49-55). How might this reply to Laertes be read? Could this speech be made to Polonius? Entry 6- Act I scenes iv and v Hamlets speech about some vicious mole of nature has been read as a description of Hamlets tragic flaw. The lines, So oft it chances in particular men to From that particular fault (l. iv. 26-39), for example, are shown as a preface to the Laurence Olivier film of Hamlet followed by the subtitle: The tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind. Reread the speech carefully (I. iv. 1 5-41). About whom could Hamlet be speaking? Clemen writes of corruption as a basic motif in Hamlet and argues that there is a trong vein of imagery suggesting a process of infection and decay in the play. How might this speech be read to support such an idea? What, do you think, is the invited reading of the lines beginning, So oft it chances in particular men ? Is it to be read, for example, as a truth for all time or as Hamlets point of view and, therefore, open to question? Entry 7 Act I scenes iv and v John Dover Wilson writes, The first act is a little play in itself, and the Ghost the hero of it; 550 out of 850 lines are concerned with him The Ghost is the linchpin of Hamlet; remove it and the play falls to pieces. Consider what part the Ghost plays in Hamlets first appearance (in 1. ) in the scene with Hamlet, Horatio, Marcellus, and Barnardo (1. . 165-275) in the scenes between Hamlet and the Ghost (l. iv. 42-96; l. v. l-1 15). Entry 8 Act I scenes iv and v Reread the exchange between Hamlet and the Ghost (I. v. l-1 15). What does the Ghosts reply to Hamlets comment, Speak. I am bound to hear (l. v. 1 1) imply about the Ghosts attitude to revenge and his conception of Hamlet s duty? What other lines in this exchange support this reading? What is Hamlets immediate reaction to the Ghosts demand for revenge? Entry 9 Act I scenes iv and v How are readers invited to read the Ghosts advice to Hamlet? Cite evidence to support or refute a reading of the Ghosts advice: as a fathers rightful request. as a duty to be carried out without delay. understandable but morally questionable. just but not Justice. of dubious status coming from a spirit. sound advice to be acted on in good conscience. What, in your reading, has Hamlet resolved to do by the end of this act? Entry 10- Act II scene i Consider Ophelias description of Hamlets visit to her, beginning, O my lord, my lord, I have been so affrighted! (ll. i. 85-1 12). Is it possible to decide on a reading which the text invites? Is Ophelias account to be trusted? If it is, what does Hamlets behavior signify? Cite evidence to support or refute that he is: playing a part? genuinely distressed? putting on an antic disposition? having a mental and emotional breakdown? (cont. next page) deceiving Ophelia? acting from other motives? Entry 11 Act II scene ii The scene opens with a character in a powerful position giving instructions to two characters in subservient roles; that is, Claudius instructing Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to report on Hamlet. Briefly note down all the examples so far where particular characters give advice or instructions to other characters who occupy subordinate positions. You might find it helpful to record your decisions in chart form. Comment on what it is that allows the adviser to give advice or instructions in the different situations. What assumptions about the rights and duties of a father and daughter, for example, could be said to underlie the exchanges between Ophelia and Polonius? Record how each recipient of advice appears to respond to the instructions. What are your readings of Rosencrantzs, Guildensterns, and Poloniuss protestations of loyalty to Claudius, beginning, Both your majesties and I assure my good liege (11. 11. 27-30;46-48)? Are they (cite evidence to support or refute each point): examples of hypocritical flattery? proper statements of the duty owed by loyal subjects to their king? ambiguous, given the speakers and the recipient? Entry 13- Act II scene ii Polonius, Voltemand, and Cornelius report to Claudius in the next part of this scene, adding to the list of incidents involving characters who are watching, spying and eporting on other characters. Make a list of incidents involving spying, who is involved, and for what reasons. What is your reading of the motives of the different characters involved in spying? Is Ophelia, for example, deceitful (to her lover) or dutiful (to her father) in reporting Hamlets behavior to Polonius? Consider all the characters involved in spying. Entry 14- Act II scene ii How do you read Hamlets explanation of what is wrong with him I have of late, but wherefore I know not, lost all my mirth (ll. ii. 318-334) (cite evidence to support or refute each point)? as a genuine description of his feelings? s an antic disposition designed to deceive Rosencrantz and Guildenstern? as a universal expression of despair felt by men and women? Consider such things as the structure and form of his explanation as well as his audience and what he knows about them. What are possible readings of Hamlets comment, But my uncle-father and aunt- mother are deceived. I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw. (11. . 399-403)? Entry 15- Act II scene ii Reread the scene with the players (11. . 392-561) and note connections to earlier scenes in the play concerning the duty of revenge and Hamlet and Ophelias elationship (hint: consider the allusions and why Shakespeare might choose to use them here). You should consider whether Hamlet is putting on an antic disposition and what he reveals about himself through his words. Cite evidence to support your assertions. Entry 16- Act II scene ii Reread the players speech, which Hamlet begins by reciting, The rugged Pyrrhus (ll. ii. 475-522). Take note of words and phrases describing Pyrrhus, before answering these questions: How would you describe the language? How does it differ from the language used in Hamlet so far? Would you agree with Hamlet that it fine (ostentatious) (ll. ii. 465-70)?