Influence of Music on Children free essay sample

I was just thirteen years of age when I moved from my nation, Afghanistan. America was so new to me and I immediately wound up made up for lost time in the new and present day culture. My first involvement in American music was important. Being in another condition I felt lost, befuddled and simply expected to discover some solace. For me, Its music. Turning on the neighborhood radio broadcast I was quickly attracted to the quick past beat and it pulled me in. I start rehashing the verses from the tune in as best English as I could and moving around. In the other room my mom met with our new social specialist, Beth.As I was taking In the new culture, the music, Beth surges In and her face lit up with stun. I looked to her squint, flicker, I couldnt comprehend what she was stating. Snatching for the radio, Beth hurried to kill the quick paced beat. We will compose a custom exposition test on Impact of Music on Children or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Not knowing, I was confounded and terrified that I had not followed the American culture. The language hindrance made it difficult to comprehend what was going to come straightaway however I could tell from Beets outward appearance that I was In large difficulty. The Interpreter clarified what I had been rehashing Birthday sex, detonate my psyche was amazingly improper melody originating from a multi year old.Fabric was my local language and I TLD know a solitary expression of English. Be that as it may, since the time then Vive been increasingly careful with respect to what Im tuning in to and what verses Im rehashing. Thinking back, Beth was attempting to shield me from her sassed music culture. Understanding that America is so multicultural, I can identify with the foreigner youngsters who are attracted to beat of Hip Hop. Except if their folks or social laborer, as For my situation, shield them from this negative language, they will grow up living by this music and It disliking lessons.As Ive grown up and have gotten increasingly mindful of the English connect with Ive encountered a lot of negative and positive. As I would see it, Vive saw individuals who tune in to negative music carry on in negative manners; positive music brings a positive result. Music Inspires and Influences individuals In various manners. For me, music contacts my spirit and brings out emotions in me that I cannot communicate without it. My preferred kind of music is hip-jump. At whatever point Im feeling down and need my spirits lifted, I turn on the radio and unwind. Music can likewise enable my psyche to think all the more unmistakably with regards to dynamic or clearing my thoughts.I use sic with my most supportive type of one of my most cherished leisure activities moving. Despite the fact that, music can be helpful for individuals, however sadly its extremely tragic how the music language is terrible and practically like each other word is a swear word. Kids who are presented to the hip-jump music come to accept that individuals talk that way and I dont accuse them in such a case that grown-ups sing Like that, what should youngsters gain from them? Pretty much every American child possesses a unit tuning in to one when they are three years of age. All through the timeframes, music has changed significantly.Music back in he past times didnt have a lot of reference to sex, medications, or brutality and the crime percentage wasnt almost as high as It Is today. Lately, these subjects turned out to be socially worthy things for craftsmen to sing a bout. One sort of music that has these themes, most prevalently, is hip-jump music. Hip jump has become an inconceivably developing negative comparative way as the hip-bounce specialists themselves. The verses radiate messages to kids revealing to them that things like: reviling, drinking/medications, sex and savagery are altogether ethically decent and satisfactory in our networks; which its not.People ought to understand that hip-bounce music isnt Just found in one certain ethnic gathering, it is boundless. Be that as it may, hip jumps most intense structure is music made by African Americans and rural whites the same. Numerous craftsmen realize that they have more opportunity and space to communicate. Once in a while craftsmen highlight profane verses, sexism and viciousness. I think it is mixed up that the specialists be marked as horrendous, ill bred, stunning individuals just as being inconvenient to youthful audience. Because the music and verses are awful, it doesnt imply that the craftsmen themselves are terrible people.They could have their music composed for them, or impacted by different rappers with regards to what to expound on. Obviously, the general public needs to reprimand somebody for the responses that hip bounce music has on kids today. At that point then again, we have nobody to fault however ourselves. Guardians and grown-ups take a gander at the music maker more than they should accuse themselves on the grounds that the guardians are the person who open their youngsters to the antagonistic music in any case. A parent or grown-ups job is to shield the youngsters from an early age. In todays world, guardians are too occupied to even think about worrying about what type f music their kids are listening to.Many craftsmen dont see how much music and the media influences youngsters since music in the media can now and then lead kids off course. Children tune in to irreverence in tunes and dont comprehend the basic issue. The disposition of much hip-bounce music is one of aggravation and derision for grown-ups, society and the network all in all. This prompts a hole between the ages and furthermore includes a culture of brutality and outrage. Sadly, this influences the two ages since grown-ups who are presented to this can come to accept this is the voice of the youthful.

Catacombs Essay Example For Students

Sepulchers Essay The Catacombs and Christian PersecutionsThe sepulchers are the old underground graveyards utilized by the Christians and the Jewish individuals in Rome. The Christian mausoleums started in the subsequent century and the emptying out proceeded until the principal half of the fifth century. Before all else they were just internment places, however later they assembled to praise their burial service rituals, and the commemorations of the holy people and of the dead. During the abuses the sepulchers were utilized as spots of passing shelter for the festival of the Eucharist. After the mistreatments they turned out to be genuine hallowed places of the holy people and held a very long time of relics of Christians from everywhere throughout the domain. In the main century, the Roman Christians didn't have their own burial grounds. On the off chance that they claimed land, at that point they would cover their family members there, on the off chance that they didn’t they shared to cover them for all intents and purpose graveyards, the Pagans were additionally covered here. That is the reason Saint Peter was covered in the extraordinary open necropolis (city of the dead) on Vatican Hill, it was accessible to everyone. Holy person Paul was likewise covered along the Via Ostiense, an area of the tombs. In the principal half of the second century the Christians began covering their dead underground, this is an aftereffect of gifts. That is the means by which the sepulchers were established. A large number of them started and created around family tombs whose proprietors, recently changed over Christians, didn't save them to the individuals from the family. They opened them up to their individual individuals, demonstrating the confidence. As time went on and room began to run out in the tombs, the sepulchers became bigger by endowments and by the acquisition of new properties, some of the time by the Church itself. With the declaration of Milan reported by the heads Constantine and Licinius in February 313, the Christians were did not aggrieve anymore. They were allowed to rehearse their confidence, to have spots of love, to manufacture places of worship both inside and outside the city, and to purchase plots of land unafraid of seizure. Despite the fact that the Christians had their opportunity to love any religion, the tombs proceeded as customary burial grounds until the start of the fifth century. This is the point at which the Church came back to covering just over the ground or in the basilicas committed to significant holy people. At the point when the brutes came down to Rome, they totally wrecked a great deal of landmarks and annihilated numerous spots, including the sepulchers. Weak towards the devastation, the Popes requested to expel the relics of the holy people to the city temples, for security reasons. At the point when the exchange of the relics was finished the tombs were did not visit anymore. They were completely relinquished, aside from the tombs of Saint Sebastian, Saint Lawrence and of Saint Pancratius. Through the span of time, avalanches, rock development, and vegetation concealed the doorways to different tombs. The very hints of their reality were lost. During the late Middle Ages they didnt even know where they were. The Christian religion grew quickly in Rome and everywhere throughout the world past the first century.This was on the grounds that it was unique and appropriate for all humankind to have confidence in. It was likewise because of the declaration of intensity; this was the Christians communicated selfless love and good cause to everyone. The Roman specialists were from the outset indifferent about the new religion, yet soon the individuals gave themselves unfriendly to the specialists in light of the fact that the Christians wouldn't revere the antiquated agnostic gods of Rome, and furthermore the head. The Christians were blamed for unfaithfulness to their homeland, agnosticism, disdain towards humanity, and furthermore concealed wrongdoings, for example, inbreeding, child murder and custom barbarianism. On account of this they were considered liable for every single catastrophic event, for example, plagues, floods, starvations, and so forth. .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e , .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e .postImageUrl , .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e , .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e:hover , .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e:visited , .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e:active { border:0!important; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e:active , .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c 5e1823524d5c7e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2aff408007a4180c7c5e1823524d5c7e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Pro Athletes Salaries EssayThe Christian religion was broadcasted bizarre and unlawful by most that’s why it was banned and aggrieved. It was viewed as the most hazardous adversary of Rome. The initial three centuries comprise the period of Saints, which finished in 313 with the proclamation of Milan. As of now the heads Constantine and Licinius offered opportunity to the Church. The abuses were not generally ceaseless and all inclusive, nor similarly unfeeling and bleeding. Times of abuse were trailed by times of relative harmony. Christians confronted oppression

Hillary Clinton to Publish Book of Essays About Favorite Quotes Critical Linking, February 2, 2017

Hillary Clinton to Publish Book of Essays About Favorite Quotes Critical Linking, February 2, 2017 This  Critical Linking is sponsored by Caraval by Stephanie Garber. Hillary Rodham Clinton, whose stunning electoral college defeat in the 2016 presidential race has given us our current interesting news cycle, will publish a new book of personal essays she hopes will inspire lots of book-buyers, her publisher Simon Schuster announced this morning â€" or words to that effect. Huzzah! Simon and Schuster, though? Boo. It has been officially announced via Brian Herbert that the upcoming Dune remake will be directed by  Denis Villeneuve. Villeneuve is the Oscar-nominated director of Arrival and Sicario, and  the director of the upcoming Blade Runner sequel. Ohhhh new Dune movie! Now the home of the man who wrote that and the other Pooh stories, A.A. Milne, could be yours. Cotchford Farm,  where  author A.A. Milne wrote the stories of Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet and the rest  is being sold by British real estate company Savills for $2.38 million. A+ would inhabit. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Hillary Clinton to Publish Book of Essays About Favorite Quotes Critical Linking, February 2, 2017

Hillary Clinton to Publish Book of Essays About Favorite Quotes Critical Linking, February 2, 2017 This  Critical Linking is sponsored by Caraval by Stephanie Garber. Hillary Rodham Clinton, whose stunning electoral college defeat in the 2016 presidential race has given us our current interesting news cycle, will publish a new book of personal essays she hopes will inspire lots of book-buyers, her publisher Simon Schuster announced this morning â€" or words to that effect. Huzzah! Simon and Schuster, though? Boo. It has been officially announced via Brian Herbert that the upcoming Dune remake will be directed by  Denis Villeneuve. Villeneuve is the Oscar-nominated director of Arrival and Sicario, and  the director of the upcoming Blade Runner sequel. Ohhhh new Dune movie! Now the home of the man who wrote that and the other Pooh stories, A.A. Milne, could be yours. Cotchford Farm,  where  author A.A. Milne wrote the stories of Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet and the rest  is being sold by British real estate company Savills for $2.38 million. A+ would inhabit. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

New Consumption Patterns Of African Slavery And The Sugar...

New consumption patterns with the introduction of sugar in the sixteenth century triggered a commercial demand that changed the world forever and harbored consequences that lasts today. One can certainly argue massive epidemics in today’s world such as obesity, dental decay, poverty and racism (just to name a few), can almost always be linked to this â€Å"goodness†. Also linked to sugar is one of the most torrid events in our history, that being the enslavement of millions, more specifically the enslavement of Africans to produce this killer we call sugar. Why were Africans the exclusive source for slave labor in the New World? This essay will discuss why I believe haphazard developments in the old world introduced African slavery and the sugar plantation system from the Mediterranean into the Atlantic and across to the Americas. It will also discuss my disagreement with David Eltis that Africans were only enslaved because white Europeans unconsciously exempted them selves from it. Lastly, I will touch on the political fragmentation of Africa and racial justifications which made this possible. David Brion Davis was certainly correct when he basically stated Sugar was the mother of Atlantic slavery (Northrup 2011), so let’s start where this all began, the Crusades. Before the crusades Europeans didn’t even know of sugars existence and previously depended on fruits and honey to ramp up the taste in their dull diets. We can thank the Arabs for this deadly introduction andShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Early Modern Period1523 Words   |  7 Pagesforging new global economies and new biological and socio-cultural exchanges. The Europeans wanted to expand their international reach, in order to: meet the demand for spices, find new sources of precious metal, find new trade routes, and spread Christianity. 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Social Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Historical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2. Geographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 3. Demographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 4. Political†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 5. Economic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13Read MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 Pagesversion of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included document. The suggestions certainly do not exhaust the possibilities; students, no doubt, will create other valid and persuasive organizational patterns and document applications. Here, the documents are discussed in order to facilitate easy teacher reference. Students, of course, must link documents to their individual essay structures; they should not simply discuss them in the order they appearRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. 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Value Chain Analysis Business World s Most Valuable...

If you are searching for a way to gain an edge on your competition, consider one of the business world s most valuable tools: the value chain analysis. Value chain analysis relies on the basic economic principle of advantage — companies are best served by operating in sectors where they have a relative productive advantage compared to their competitors. Simultaneously, companies should ask themselves where they can deliver the best value to their customers. To conduct a value chain analysis, the company begins by identifying each part of its production process and identifying where steps can be eliminated or improvements can be made. These improvements can result in either cost savings or improved productive capacity. The end result is that customers derive the most benefit from the product for the cheapest cost, which improves the company s bottom line in the long run. I work with FITC, Financial InstitutionsTraining Centre. It is owned by the Bankers Committee, which comprises the Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation, all licensed banks and Discount Houses in Nigeria. FITC is Nigeria s apex human capacity building institution in the Financial SERVICE Sector. It provides solutions to the needs of its numerous clients through Training, Consulting and Research intervention and collaboration with renowned international training outfits to address perceived training gaps in the Public and Private Sectors. FITC Consulting activities include; eShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And The Global Economy1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof production and exchange, value chain analysis provides a valuable methodological tool for explaining these developments. Generally speaking, â€Å"Value† is defined as â€Å"any activity that increases the market form or function of the product or service.† And in today’s business climate, you need to maximize the value of every process in your business. 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What Thoughts Run Through Your Mind Essay - 948 Words

Introduction Midterm, professor has just posted your grades online, you know you got either and A, B, C, D or F. You studied hard for an exam. You go online to see what grade you have received. Say you got an F. What thoughts run through our mind? Say you got an A. What thoughts run through your mind? System in America is a societal norm; however, important to analyze the system. Experienced the letter grading system since early elementary school, it is important not just to accept the system but to take a closer look at the system. I accepted the reality of the system ; time to inform myself about the system. After researching, I understand the three perspectives of the advantages, disadvantages, and a potential modification of the system. Therefore, I would like to assess multiple perspectives on the traditional A to F grading system by exploring the advantages, disadvantages, and a modification of the system to provide more insight and provoke thoughts. Sharing this information today and then hearing your opinions; better understanding of the grading system employed in America. End of our discussion, think more about the system in place as opposed to being a participant in the system. Signpost: First, we will explore the perspective of the system being advantageous. Body Advantageous due to four factors: precedent, source of recognition, promotion of academics rigor, and ease of comparison. First, according Thomas Guskey author of â€Å"Making the Grade: What BenefitsShow MoreRelatedSoftball Isn’T An Easy Game And Many People Make It Sound1254 Words   |  6 PagesSoftball isn’t an easy game and many people make it sound very informal. But what most people don’t understand is that this sport isn’t just a game where players run from base to base. The sports requires mental thoughts and training through the athletes’ minds when doing so. 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Hamlet Journal Assignments free essay sample

It constructs character that of the speaker and others. It explores ideas. It gives Hamlets version of events. Suggest a reading of your own. Entry 5- Act I scene iii What, do you think, are the invited readings of Polonius, Laertes, and Ophelia, their relationships and what they say? For example, are the speeches of Polonius to be read as good advice or as pompous hypocrisy? What other readings are possible? Cite evidence to support or refute each of the following readings. Polonius gives largely good advice to Laertes. Polonius gives largely meaningless advice to Laertes. Polonius sees it as his fatherly duty to instruct his son. The advice of Polonius and Laertes to Ophelia is motivated by self-interest. Polonius and Laertes want to protect Ophelia, whom they see as an innocent. Laertes must obey his father in all respects. Ophelia accepts the advice of her father and brother without argument. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Journal Assignments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Laertes can disregard his fathers advice without serious consequences. Ophelia has no choice but to obey her father. (cont. next page) Reread Ophelias speech beginning, l shall the effect of this good lesson keep (l. iii. 49-55). How might this reply to Laertes be read? Could this speech be made to Polonius? Entry 6- Act I scenes iv and v Hamlets speech about some vicious mole of nature has been read as a description of Hamlets tragic flaw. The lines, So oft it chances in particular men to From that particular fault (l. iv. 26-39), for example, are shown as a preface to the Laurence Olivier film of Hamlet followed by the subtitle: The tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind. Reread the speech carefully (I. iv. 1 5-41). About whom could Hamlet be speaking? Clemen writes of corruption as a basic motif in Hamlet and argues that there is a trong vein of imagery suggesting a process of infection and decay in the play. How might this speech be read to support such an idea? What, do you think, is the invited reading of the lines beginning, So oft it chances in particular men ? Is it to be read, for example, as a truth for all time or as Hamlets point of view and, therefore, open to question? Entry 7 Act I scenes iv and v John Dover Wilson writes, The first act is a little play in itself, and the Ghost the hero of it; 550 out of 850 lines are concerned with him The Ghost is the linchpin of Hamlet; remove it and the play falls to pieces. Consider what part the Ghost plays in Hamlets first appearance (in 1. ) in the scene with Hamlet, Horatio, Marcellus, and Barnardo (1. . 165-275) in the scenes between Hamlet and the Ghost (l. iv. 42-96; l. v. l-1 15). Entry 8 Act I scenes iv and v Reread the exchange between Hamlet and the Ghost (I. v. l-1 15). What does the Ghosts reply to Hamlets comment, Speak. I am bound to hear (l. v. 1 1) imply about the Ghosts attitude to revenge and his conception of Hamlet s duty? What other lines in this exchange support this reading? What is Hamlets immediate reaction to the Ghosts demand for revenge? Entry 9 Act I scenes iv and v How are readers invited to read the Ghosts advice to Hamlet? Cite evidence to support or refute a reading of the Ghosts advice: as a fathers rightful request. as a duty to be carried out without delay. understandable but morally questionable. just but not Justice. of dubious status coming from a spirit. sound advice to be acted on in good conscience. What, in your reading, has Hamlet resolved to do by the end of this act? Entry 10- Act II scene i Consider Ophelias description of Hamlets visit to her, beginning, O my lord, my lord, I have been so affrighted! (ll. i. 85-1 12). Is it possible to decide on a reading which the text invites? Is Ophelias account to be trusted? If it is, what does Hamlets behavior signify? Cite evidence to support or refute that he is: playing a part? genuinely distressed? putting on an antic disposition? having a mental and emotional breakdown? (cont. next page) deceiving Ophelia? acting from other motives? Entry 11 Act II scene ii The scene opens with a character in a powerful position giving instructions to two characters in subservient roles; that is, Claudius instructing Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to report on Hamlet. Briefly note down all the examples so far where particular characters give advice or instructions to other characters who occupy subordinate positions. You might find it helpful to record your decisions in chart form. Comment on what it is that allows the adviser to give advice or instructions in the different situations. What assumptions about the rights and duties of a father and daughter, for example, could be said to underlie the exchanges between Ophelia and Polonius? Record how each recipient of advice appears to respond to the instructions. What are your readings of Rosencrantzs, Guildensterns, and Poloniuss protestations of loyalty to Claudius, beginning, Both your majesties and I assure my good liege (11. 11. 27-30;46-48)? Are they (cite evidence to support or refute each point): examples of hypocritical flattery? proper statements of the duty owed by loyal subjects to their king? ambiguous, given the speakers and the recipient? Entry 13- Act II scene ii Polonius, Voltemand, and Cornelius report to Claudius in the next part of this scene, adding to the list of incidents involving characters who are watching, spying and eporting on other characters. Make a list of incidents involving spying, who is involved, and for what reasons. What is your reading of the motives of the different characters involved in spying? Is Ophelia, for example, deceitful (to her lover) or dutiful (to her father) in reporting Hamlets behavior to Polonius? Consider all the characters involved in spying. Entry 14- Act II scene ii How do you read Hamlets explanation of what is wrong with him I have of late, but wherefore I know not, lost all my mirth (ll. ii. 318-334) (cite evidence to support or refute each point)? as a genuine description of his feelings? s an antic disposition designed to deceive Rosencrantz and Guildenstern? as a universal expression of despair felt by men and women? Consider such things as the structure and form of his explanation as well as his audience and what he knows about them. What are possible readings of Hamlets comment, But my uncle-father and aunt- mother are deceived. I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw. (11. . 399-403)? Entry 15- Act II scene ii Reread the scene with the players (11. . 392-561) and note connections to earlier scenes in the play concerning the duty of revenge and Hamlet and Ophelias elationship (hint: consider the allusions and why Shakespeare might choose to use them here). You should consider whether Hamlet is putting on an antic disposition and what he reveals about himself through his words. Cite evidence to support your assertions. Entry 16- Act II scene ii Reread the players speech, which Hamlet begins by reciting, The rugged Pyrrhus (ll. ii. 475-522). Take note of words and phrases describing Pyrrhus, before answering these questions: How would you describe the language? How does it differ from the language used in Hamlet so far? Would you agree with Hamlet that it fine (ostentatious) (ll. ii. 465-70)?

5 Guys Essay

5 Guys Essay 5 Guys Essay Entrepreneurial Leadership Five Guys Burger and Fries. For BUS 508 – Contemporary Business April 28, 2013 Five Guys Burgers and Fries know that a company cannot be everything to every customer, so instead they decided to focus on selling a good burger at a fair price. Their idea is to keep it simple and do not cut corners and this idea helps to differentiate it from the big fast-food chains. When founders Jerry and Janie Murrell star started their business they went looking for the best ingredients to use. Their choice to use high quality ingredients means they need to charge more for their products but the Murrell’s felt that once the customers eat their burger they would not mind the additional cost. They make every hamburger to order for every customer, who has a choice of 11 different toppings and serve it on a hamburger bun that was baked using a recipe crafted specifically for their stores. Since big well established fast-food chains are able to sell such large quantities of food then can do so at incredibly low prices. Their use of lower quality products such as frozen meat, dehydrated fries, and vegetable oil for frying French fries. Five Guys uses high quality 80% lean beef that is never frozen for their juicy burgers. They also use potatoes from the northern part of Idaho, where they grow slower and are more solid. Then they take the time to soak them and pre-fry them so that when they get fried for orders they do not absorb the high quality peanut oil. Five Guys motto of â€Å"keep it Simple† carries over to their dà ©cor of their restaurants. They stuck with clean white walls with red tiles. They keep their kitchens open so customers can see that they are kept clean. The Murrell’s feel that their food deserves their attention, and that they do not need to distract their customers with walls covered with nonsense. While most of the big fast-food chains spend roughly 3% of their earnings on marketing and advertising, Five Guys does not spend any of their revenue on either one. They feel that their food speaks for itself. They also feel that the best advertising for a company is for a customer to leave satisfied. The only type of advertising they rely on is word of mouth from their customers. Five Guys would rather spend their money on high quality ingredients. The Five Guy founders also feel that when you are trying to sell a great product you also need to be mindful of the staff you hire to sell it. They feel that if they hire well paid employees and treat them fairly they will be loyal and proud to be the front line of your business. Instead of using revenue for advertising they feel it is more beneficial for them to offer bonuses to their crew members. Five Guys has worked with another company to utilize secret shoppers to their stores to rate each one on the cleanliness, courtesy, and food preparation. They also have safety audits where a person will come into a store and check the kitchen equipment and if they received a high score the crew would be eligible for a bonus to be split among the members. This incentive program give the staff a motive for paying attention to details and providing an exceptional customer experience. When Jerry Murrell and his family starts Five Guys they believed in selling a good burger at a fair price. They chose to spend their money on high quality ingredients and to provide the customer with an exceptional service experience. This was something they could easily have control over when they just had a few stores that were run by the family. Since franchising their stores they have continued to use their high quality ingredients. They are still using the same vendors to supply their stores that they were using when is all began in 1986. The Murrell family feel that there burger taste better when they are served on a bun that is

Every AP Environmental Science Practice Test Available

Every AP Environmental Science Practice Test Available SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you preparing for the Environmental Science AP exam? One of the best ways to study for the test and figure out how well you’re doing is to take practice tests.Taking practice tests lets you see what kind of questions you’ll be asked on the exam, and they can help you figure out which subjects or types of questions you struggle with and need to review more.Finding practice tests can be time-consuming, and, unfortunately, not all practice tests are created equally. Luckily, we’re here to help. In this guide, I’ll provide links to all theAP Environmental Science practice tests available, point out which ones are the highest quality, and explain how you should be using them. Official AP Environmental Science Practice Exams Official practice materials, those developed by the College Board, are the best to use when preparing for an AP exam.This is because, since the practice materials are created by the same organization that develops the real AP test, you can be sure they’ll accurately represent the test and give you the best idea of what the real AP exam will cover. Unfortunately, the College Board doesn’t often like to release a ton of practice material, particularly multiple-choice questions (because they often reuse these for multiple exams). However, there are still official review materialsyou can use which I've separated into three categories. Complete Exams The College Board has released one completeAP Environmental Science practice test, from 1998. Complete 1998 AP Environmental Science exam This test is not super recent, but becauseAP Enviro hasn’t undergone any significant changes since then, it’s still useful and will give you a great idea of what the real exam will be like. This test also contains answers to all the questions, as well as scoring guidelines and sample responses for the free-response questions. Be aware though that, although the questions are still similar, grading guidelines have changed. As a result, the College Board has released a document with updated scoring guidelines for the free-response questions so you can get a more accurate idea of how questions are scored and what your rough score on the exam would be. Multiple-Choice Questions Besides the single complete released practice test, the only place to find official multiple-choice questions for AP Environmental Science is in the Course Description for the class. Beginning on page 12 of the document, you’ll find 17 multiple-choice questions. While this isn’t anywhere close to what you’ll see on the real exam (the actual AP test will have 100 questions), it’ll give you an idea of the topics the exam will cover and how questions will be worded. Free-Response Questions Luckily, there are tons of official free-response questions available for you to study and practice with. The College Board has released previous free-response questions from 1999-2017. Free-response questions 1999-2017 With four free-response questions included on the test each year, that means you have access to 68 official free-response questions! These questions each include scoring guidelines and sample responses so you can get an idea of what the graders were looking for. Possible Other Source: Your Teacher Your AP Environmental Science teacher may also have access to some additional official practice questions that you can use. Teachers are sometimes able to purchase official practice questions from the College Board which students don’t have access to. Now, your teacher may have chosen not to do this, or they may be saving those questions for class exams, but if you’re looking for more official practice materials, you may want to take a chance and ask them. Official practice tests won't come with a seal, but you can be sure they're the highest-qualitypracticematerials out there. Free Unofficial AP Environmental Science Practice Tests You have to be a bit warier when using unofficial practice materials because some of them don’t do a very good job of replicating what topics the AP test covers or how they word their questions. However, there are many that can still be very helpful. For each of the resources below, I’ll explain what material they include and how closely it matches the real AP Environmental Science exam. Barron’s Barron’s has created a high-quality, complete practice exam (with 100 multiple-choice and four free-response questions, just like the actual AP test). This test does a good job of replicating actual AP questions, and it also includes in-depth answer explanations for each question, including sample responses for free-response questions. You can take the test in timed or untimed mode.This is a particularly helpful resource that you should use wisely. (See below for how you should be using this and other resources.) Varsity Tutors Varsity Tutors has a complete multiple-choice section (100 questions). The test is timed and automatically graded for you. While it doesn’t include free-response questions, themultiple-choice questions are similar to those you’ll see on the AP exam.You can combine these questions with a set of official free-response questions and made a complete practice test. If you’d like to practice a specific topic, they also have 148 practice quizzes of varying difficulty for AP Environmental Science, however; the topics are broken down into such specific categories that many quizzes have only 1-2 questions, which can make it tedious to move from one very short quiz to the next.The quizzes can be helpful for more focused studying, but, in general, the complete diagnostic test is the best resource from this site. McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill offers a 25-question AP Environmental Science practice quiz. This is shorter than many other practice questions and, additionally, the quiz is also untimed. However, the questions are generally well-written, so it’s still a good resource to use. Environmental Science Textbook Quizzes This site includes 20-question quizzes for each of the 25 chapters of the Environmental Science textbook chapters. To select a quiz, choose a chapter from the left-hand side of the page, then choose â€Å"Practice Quiz† on the new page.These quizzes are fairly surface-level, but they can help you study specific topics or prepare for in-class exams, even if you don’t use Environmental Science as your textbook.One frustrating thing is that you’ll have to click on each chapter individually to see what areasit covers if you’re looking to study a particular topic. ProProfs This is an -question multiple-choice quiz. This is quite a short quiz and, strangely, it provides definitions for some keywords you should already know, but it might be helpful if you want a quick study session. High School Test Prep This quiz contains 15 multiple-choice questions. Like ProProfs, its questions are more basic than the majority of those on the actual AP exam will be, but you still may find it useful to try out. Paid Unofficial AP Environmental Science Practice Tests These next resources will cost you a bit of money to use. Shmoop For people who pay its subscription free, Shmoop offers three full-length AP Environmental Science exams as well as a diagnostic test.Paying Shmoop’s fee of $24.68 a month gets you access to these practice tests as well as practice material for a wide variety of other tests forthe ACT, SAT, and other AP exams. Albert Albert has multiple-choice quizzes for each of the seven main ideas of the course. The quizzes are categorized by difficulty, are not timed, and will immediately let you know if you have answered correctly.While some of the questions are free (you'll need to set up an account), you won’t be able to see what the correct answer is if you answered incorrectly or answer any hard-level difficulty questions unless you pay $25 for full access. Full access gives you access to over 200 multiple-choice questions. As a whole, I found these questions to be more basic than actual AP questions.They focused primarily on definitions and basic factsand didn’t emphasize making connections between different topics as much as the real exam does. Review Books Another place to find practice tests is in AP Environmental Science Review books. Most review books contain 1-2 practice tests. These exams can vary in terms of quality, but, in general, Princeton Review and Barron’s are pretty safe bets when it comes to quality. Before you purchase a review book, you should read reviews online or ask students who have previously used the book how well they felt it prepared them for the exam. How to Use AP Environmental Science Practice Tests Now that you know where to find all those practice tests, how should you use them? Taking random tests haphazardly won’t improve your score much, if at all, so follow these guidelines to know which practice materials you should usewhen. First Semester First semester, you’re still learning most of the content you need to know for the exam, so taking a full-length practice exam won’t be very helpful because your score will likely be low since you haven’t covered certain topics yet. During this semester, focus on taking official free-response questions (you can look through them to find ones that focus on information you’ve already covered) and unofficial quizzes that focus on specific content areas (the Environmental Science and Albert quizzes are good places to start). Be sure to start your studying early (by the middle of first semester) and regularly review throughout the year. Doing regular review will help you stay on top of the material, be prepared for class exams, and make reviewing for the final AP test much less overwhelming in the spring.You may also want to consider buying a review book this semester; many of them have practice questions after each chapter so you can see how well you’ve learned the material. Second Semester Second semester is when you should begin really focusing on preparing for the AP exam.At this point, you should have learned the majority of information you need to know for the exam, so you can begin taking full-length practice tests. I recommended beginning with the Barron’s practice test. Take this test under realistic testing conditions (timed and in a quiet room). After you’ve completed it, review how well you did (follow their guidelines for grading your free-response questions). Your score on this test will help you know how well you’re doing and how much studying you need in order to meet your target score. If you’re close to the score you want, you may only need to do light review, but if you’re two points away or more, you’ll likely have to put in some significant time to meet your goal. After taking and scoring your first full-length practice test, look to see where you got questions wrong. The primary reason for taking practice tests is to find where your weaknesses are and then improve in those areas. Don’t just immediately move on to your next practice test, spend time strengthening areas you need to improve on. Perhaps you need to learn how to complete your essays faster, or you realized you really don’t know anything about the nitrogen cycle. Get these gaps taken care of before you take another practice test, otherwise; you won’t see your scores improve.After you feel you’ve reviewed sufficiently, take another practice exam, either the official released test or Varsity Tutors’ multiple-choice section with official free-response questions added to it. Here’s a brief recap of the process you should be following: Take and score your first practice exam (4 hours) Evaluate your mistakes (1.5 hours) Improve your weak areas by doing focused content study and completing practice problems (2.5 hours) Take and score a second practice exam (4 hours) Repeat the steps above as often as you need to in order to make sure you’ve eliminated all your weaknesses for the AP exam and are ready when it comes time to test day. Conclusion AP Environmental Science has the lowest average AP score of any exam. If you want to beat the odds, taking practice tests is one of the best ways to improve your chances of earning a high score.While official practice materials give you the most accurate idea of what will be on the real AP exam, there are high-quality unofficial practice tests out there as well. During your first semester in the class, you should use practice tests to get yourself familiar with the free-response questions and solidify your knowledge of specific topic areas.Second semester is when you can begin taking full-length practice exams toget an idea of how well you’re doing and where you need to improve. What's Next? The free-response sectionistypically the hardest part of the AP Enviro exam. Check outthis guide to learn more about what it'llcover and how to get a high score. Need help starting or continuing your review for AP Enviro? We have acomplete guide to reviewing for the AP Environmental Science exam that'll walk you through each step you need to follow. Wondering which other AP classes you should be taking? Learn how to plan out your futureAP classesby reading this guide. 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First Meditation by Rene Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Meditation by Rene Descartes - Essay Example Descartes begins ‘First Meditation’ or ‘On what can be called into Doubt’ by introducing his first proposition that everything he knows, i.e. everything that we know, must be put to the test as they may not exactly be what is real. This is suggesting that the very foundation on which he based everything that he knows must be shattered to truly come up with a conclusion on matters of self-assessment verifiable accuracy. Thus he begins, â€Å"Some years ago I was struck by how many false things I had believed, and by how doubtful was the structure of beliefs that I had based on them† (p. 1). From here he traversed a self-contemplation that was unforgiving in looking at the most minute details to see the logical sequencing on how his perceptions came to be. It suggests going back to the beginning and doing away with all of his opinions to look at the core of his philosophy. Descartes professed that everything is false with clear and ardent belief that th ey are so. He provides that some reason, not altogether significant reason but only an inkling, to tilt the scales over to doubt is an unmistakable occasion for doubt. The foundations are the key in being able to comprehend whether or not there is room for doubt as going at each opinion one by one to look for fallacy would be tedious and next to impossible. When this central aspect is magnified then its analysis becomes possible. The vital attribute of the ‘First Meditation’ is the conversation-like format that is meant to be an almost question and answer type of reading between ‘Hopeful’ and ‘Doubtful.’ The first proposition is a direct interpretation of Aristotelian philosophy on the importance of the senses in our accumulation of knowledge and beliefs. The ‘Hopeful’ dialogue supposes that facts that are perceived by the senses cannot be denied such as the simple position of sitting, the bedtime clothing, the warmth of a fireplac e and the act of gripping a paper. To sustain doubt over such factors such as being in one’s body would be analogous to being mad.  

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 34

Case Study Example Plants in Egypt and Trinidad (Atlas and Titan) are worked as joint endeavors with Methanex holding basic interest of 60% and 63.1%, individually. The paper seeks to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the company’s SWOT analysis before the year 2013. In addition, the paper will discuss the key recommendations on how to solve the issues both qualitatively and quantitatively (Methanex, n.d.). Some of the major issues affecting the company include holding a large amount of Assets (PPE) sitting unused due to political instability in Chile and Egypt leading to wastages. Notably, these wastes constitute to close to $1.87 B in initial investment costs that could be put to constructive use. In addition, the company lacks diversification and is completely dependent on the sale of Methanol making it not competitively effective. Besides, the company has not fully taken advantage of economies of scope since almost all of its competitors produce other materials (Methanex, n.d.). Methanol in its pure form cannot be directly used since companies buy from Methanex to produce other materials. The replacement cost of assets are more than the market value of the company (2/3 cost). This implies that if the company goes under, they could not sell assets to cover all the cost. Another major challenge that the company faces is high operational cost (Zacks.com, 2014). In fact, 80% of cash co sts go to purchase of natural gas and energy use costs hence increasing the operational cost (Arslan & Er, 2008). Its greatest contender (MHTL), could conceivably make them bankrupt in Trinidad (where the vast majority of Methanexs yield is produced) The biggest utilization for methanol, formaldehyde, has had terrible attention in the U.S. in view of conceivable negative wellbeing impacts identified with presentation (Leukemia, numerous myeloma, Hodgkins). High purchaser power- methanol expenses represent a little divide of what

Theories On Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay

Theories On Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay Several studies have revealed how dynamics in cultural identity influenced the learning of a second language (Graham Brown, 1996; McCarthy, Giardina, Harewood, Park, 2003). The process of language learning itself is socially and culturally constructed (Norton-Piece Toohey, 2001). How social formations, individual identities, and interpretations belonging to a particular culture is crucial to the development of language. Culture As defined by Brown (2007), culture is the ideas, customs, skills, arts, and tools that characterize a given group of people in a given period of time (p. 380). A more comprehensive definition of culture developed by DÃ ­az-Rico and Weed (2006) views it as: The explicit and implicit patterns for living, the dynamic system of commonly agreed upon symbols and meanings, knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, behaviors, traditions, and/or habits that are shared and make up the total way of life of a people, as negotiated by individuals in the process of constructing a personal identity. (p. 233) This definition highlights the fact that culture is a dynamic, instead of static process and is neither something to be memorized nor a program that can be encoded to dictate behavior. The process of learning a new language while being immersed in a new culture involves cultural conflict and reconciliation of that conflict in order to come to terms with the host culture. Learning a second language even demands of an individual to take on a new identity (Guiora, 1995, p. 145). As a consequence, ones basic sense of self and confidence in ones abilities are challenged in this process of developing a new identity to cope with the acquisition of a new language. This process is called acculturation, generally referred to as the act of adjusting to a new culture. Acculturation There have been different models to explain the role of acculturation in the acquisition of a second language. Many authors have suggested that acculturation need not mean the eradiction of the old culture itself. Acculturation is adapt[ing] to a second culture without necessarily giving up ones first culture (Diaz-Weed, 2007, p. 246). This is contrary to the view that acculturation is synonymous to assimilation (total absorption into the new culture) or accommodation (mutual adjustment of cultures). Absorbing particular domains of a new society does not mean total surrender of the old or the zero-sum trade off (Berry, 1997, p. 34). Degrees of acculturation could be in four levels: integration (positive relationship to new and old), assimilation (relinquishing old, embracing new), segregation (retaining old, rejecting new), and marginalization (relinquishing old and new) (Berry, 1997). Theories on Second Language Acquisition The earliest research on second language acquisition (SLA) have been motivation studies which hypothesized that motivation is the fundamental factor toward SLA. Founded on the work of Robert Gardner and Wallace Lambert, the relationship of motivation and SLA have been helpful in understanding how the social and cultural environments of L2 learners shape their attitudes and motivations toward the L2, its culture, and L2 speakers (Gardner, 1979, 1980). These studies have pointed out that as a consequence, learners display behaviors which could either promote or impede their SLA outcomes (Gardner, 1979). Motivation for learning an L2 is divided by Gardner into two components: instrumental and integrative motivation. Instrumental motivation concerns an individuals primary concern for linguistic growth, apart from social goals in SLA (Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988; Gardner Lambert, 1959, 1972). Integrative motivation refers to an individuals willingness and interest in promoting L2 acquisiti on through social interactions with members of the L2 group (Gardner Lambert, 1959, 1972; Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988). Instrumental motivation is suggested by Gardner and Lambert to have a primary role in learning of the L2, while integrative motivation is depicted playing a lesser, supporting role (Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988; Gardner, Tremblay Masgoret, 1997; Gardner Lambert, 1972). Many theorists have criticized motivation studies as not sufficiently explaining the role of acculturation in SLA. According to Brown (1980, 2007), second language learners are optimally suited to learn the Culture and SLA second language when certain conditions of acculturation are met. Specifically, the optimal period is when learners are in the third stage of acculturation and also see themselves as outside of both their native culture and the second culture. Schumann (1986) claims that acculturation, or the integration of the L2 learner into the target linguistic community, is not a direct cause of second language acquisition (SLA), but rather it is the first in a chain of factors which results in natural SLA. He proposes that acculturation as a remote cause brings the learner into contact with TL-speakers and verbal interaction with those speakers as a proximate cause brings about the negotiation of appropriate input which then operates as the immediate cause of language acquisition (p. 385). Acculturation (made up of social and affective variables) is the causal varibale of SLA. That is, if learners acculturate, they will learn; if learners do not acculturate, they will not learn. Acculturation initiates a chain reaction including contact in the middle and acquisition as its outcome. Schumanns (1986) acculturation model includes seven social variables (1. social dominance, 2. assimilation, preservation, and adaptation, 3. enclosure, 4. cohesiveness and size, 5. congruence, 6. attitude, 7. intended length of residence) and four affective variables (1. language shock, 2. culture shock, 3. ego permeability, and 4. motivation) which presumably affect the quantity and quality of contact that second language learners have with the target language community, thus affecting SLA. Schumann argues that the degree to which a learner acculturates to the TL group will control the degree to which he acquires the second language (Schumann, 1978, p. 34), but he makes his claim only for the context of natural SLA, i.e., where learning takes place in the environment where the L2 is spoken and without direct language instruction (1986, p. 385). Language proficiency and acculturation There has been a dearth in empirical studies that examined the impact of a learners degree of acculturation on language proficiency or acquisition. Extant studies have however suggested that acculturation and language acquisition have a positive relationship. Acculturation is a more significant determinant in language proficiency than motivation or attitudes, as evidenced by Clements (1986) study. Clement (1986) showed how the interplay of motivation, individual attitudes and degree of acculturation result to SLA proficiency in quantitative cross-sectional study. In a correlational research conducted in a bilingual Canadian university, students were asked to fill up questionnaires that assessed ethnolinguistic vitality, motivation, and attitudes. Moreover, interviews were conducted among respondents to evaluate their proficiency in spoken English as a second language. Minority group members exhibited more self-confidence in their skill of speaking English as a second language and were also judged to be more proficient than members of the majority group. The level of acculturation measured by the frequency of L2 use and frequency of contact with L2 speakers was revealed to be functional in language proficiency. Motivation and attitudes tow ard L2 speakers, and L2 culture were not significantly correlated to language proficiency. Friendships and immersion with native English-speaking people is also important in cultivating SLA and proficiency. As shown in Graham and Browns (1996) study in a bilingual community in Mexico, the difference in proficiency among native Spanish speakers in speaking English could be a result of the varying levels of their acculturation to native English speakers. Using Schumanns (1986) acculturation model and variables, the degree of acculturation was measured among native Spanish-speaking households in Colonia Juarez town. To measure language proficiency, an oral proficiency interview was conducted. Native-like English proficiency among native Spanish speakers was attained only by those enrolled in bilingual schools. Their enrollment in the schools proved favorable to their SLA. Moreover, they developed more positive perceptions about the English-speaking community and developed more intimate friendships with their English-speaking peers (Graham Brown, 1996). Degree of acculturation, age, and marital status are also important factors in language proficiency. Lee (2005) investigated the relationship of English proficiency and degree of acculturation in terms of U.S. media consumption. The results revealed that the use of Korean language over the Internet negatively correlated with acculturation. Those that did not use English when consuming and participating in Internet-based communication were less proficient in speaking English than those that used English frequently. Moreover, younger and single Koreans were more proficient in speaking English than older and married Koreans due to their higher levels of U.S. media consumption (Lee, 2005). Lees study is consistent with the findings from Jiang et al. (2009) which found that greater degrees of immersion in American society leads to higher proficiency in the English language. Jiang et al. (2009) studied acculturation and Enlighs proficiency by studying an older Chinese-English population. Correlational analyses revealed a strong relationship between the degree of immersion in the dominant society and proficiency in oral English. Nevertheless, while speaking proficiency was found to be correlated with acculturation, accents were not.

Essay --

Income inequality can be defined as the difference of distribution of assets, wealth, and income between the populations. The term income inequality refers to the inequality among persons within a society. The topic is commonly debated, and the liberties and rights of people are often brought into the debate being made. In America, it has been said that â€Å"The 400 richest people in the United States have more wealth than the bottom 150 million put together† leading the reader to believe there is a huge inequality problem that is only growing wider. There is no doubt that the income gap in America is growing, with the middle class taking home 9% less than they had in 1999, but I feel that the government does not have the obligation to lessen the gap between rich and poor. There is no doubt that the economic ladder is growing farther and farther apart and the rungs of this ladder are becoming harder and harder to climb, however, the government does not hold the obligation to lessen the gap. The UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that equality and liberty will be protected...

Business Documents Essay

English editing (or re-writing) can cause discomfort, because it often reveals hidden weaknesses in the original document. But companies willing to accept the treatment and put in any work necessary will produce a document that shines. By turning existing, long-winded and inaccessible text into clear writing, plain English can shine an uncomfortably bright light on flaws in the original content that would otherwise remain unnoticed. The reality is that in many businesses, a lot of very talented and experienced professionals can spend an awful lot of time doing fantastic research and work only to produce a document that fails dismally to do them credit. Why do all that work if the final report, which may be so critical, simply isn’t fit for purpose? Companies and organisations are increasingly recognising that the reports they produce need to read clearly. They recognise that the text needs to be in plain English. The author is not the reader. Putting the text through the plain English editing process can polish text until it shines with clarity. That’s great if the bones of the report, the facts and figures and findings etc, are already solid. But sometimes, the editing process itself can throw up uncomfortable questions. It reveals flaws in original document, highlights waffle, questions in-house jargon, and draws attention to unsubstantiated claims. And that’s when a businesses’ true grit shows. ‘Your editing highlighted the fact that there were holes in just about every paragraph,’ one client told me. ‘The plain English showed us just how many gaps we need to fill before we can send the report to our client. ’

What (or Who) Killed the Planets Big Mammals

Megafaunal extinctions refers to the documented die-off of large-bodied mammals (megafauna) from all over our planet at the end of the last ice age, at about the same time as the human colonization of the last, farthest-flung regions out of Africa. The mass extinctions were neither synchronous nor universal, and the reasons proffered by researchers for those extinctions include (but are not limited to) climate change and human intervention. Key Takeaways: Megafaunal Extinctions Megafaunal extinctions occur when a preponderance of large-bodied mammals seem to die off at the same time.There have been six megafaunal extinctions on our planet during the Late PleistoceneThe most recent fell between 18,000–11,000 years ago in South America, 30,000–14,000 in North America, and 50,000–32,000 years ago in Australia.  These periods occur when the continents were first inhabited by humans, and when climate changes were occurring.It seems likely that rather than being caused by a particular occurrence, all three things (megafaunal extinctions, human colonization, and climate change) acted together to bring environmental change to the continents.   The Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions occurred during the Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition (LGIT), essentially the last 130,000 years, and it affected mammals, birds, and reptiles. There have been other, much earlier mass extinctions, impacting animals and plants alike. The five largest mass extinction events in the past 500 million years (mya) occurred at the end of the Ordovician (443 ma), the Late Devonian (375–360 mya), the end of the Permian (252 mya), the end of the Triassic (201 mya) and the end of the Cretaceous (66 mya). Pleistocene Era Extinctions Before early modern humans left Africa to colonize the rest of the world, all of the continents were already populated by a large and diverse animal population, including our hominid cousins, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and Homo erectus. Animals with body weights greater than 100 pounds (45 kilograms), called megafauna, were abundant. Extinct elephant, horse, emu, wolves, hippos: the fauna varied with the continent, but most of them were plant-eaters, with few predator species. Almost all of these megafauna species are now extinct; almost all of the extinctions occurred around the time of the colonization of those regions by early modern humans. A replica statue of the extinct Mylodon ground sloth which inhabited the south of the Chilean and Argentinian Patagonia, inside a cave in the Torres del Paine national park which was home to the pre-historic creature. Germà ¡n Vogel / Getty Images Before migrating far from Africa, early modern humans and Neanderthals co-existed with megafauna in Africa and Eurasia for several tens of thousands of years. At the time, most of the planet was in steppe or grassland ecosystems, maintained by megaherbivores, massive vegetarians that impeded the colonization of trees, trampled and consumed saplings, and cleared and broke down the organic matter. Seasonal aridity influenced the availability of rangelands, and climate change involving increases in moisture is documented for the late Pleistocene, which is believed to have exerted extinction pressure on megafaunal rangeland grazers by altering, fragmenting and in some cases replacing the steppes with forests. Climate change, migration of humans, extinction of megafauna: which came first? Which Came first? Despite what you may have read, it is not clear which of these forces—climate change, human migration, and megafaunal extinctions—caused the others, and it is very likely that the three forces worked together to re-sculpt the planet. When our earth became colder, the vegetation changed, and animals that did not adapt rapidly died out. Climate change may well have driven human migrations. People moving into new territories as new predators might have had negative effects on the existing fauna, through overkill of a particularly easy animal prey, or the spread of new diseases. But it must be remembered that the loss of the mega-herbivores also drove climate change. Enclosure studies have shown that large-bodied mammals such as elephants suppress woody vegetation, accounting for 80% of woody plant loss. The loss of large numbers of browsing, grazing, and grass-eating mega-mammals certainly led or added to the decrease of open vegetation and habitat mosaics, the increased occurrence of fire, and the decline of co-evolved plants. Long-term effects on seed dispersion continue to affect plant species distributions for thousands of years. This co-occurrence of humans in migration, climate change, and animal die-off is the most recent time in our human history where climate change and human interactions together re-designed the living palette of our planet. Two areas of our planet are the primary focus of the studies of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions: North America and Australia, with some studies continuing in South America and Eurasia. All of these areas were subject to massive changes in temperature, including the variable presence of glacial ice, and plant and animal life; each sustained the arrival of a new predator in the food chain; each saw related decreases and reconfiguration of the available animal and plants. Evidence collected by archaeologists and paleontologists in each of the areas tells a slightly different story. North America Earliest human colonization: 15,000 calendar years ago (cal BP), (pre-Clovis sites)Last glacial maximum: ~30,000–14,000 cal BPYounger Dryas: 12,900–11,550 cal BPImportant sites: Rancho La Brea (California, USA), many Clovis and pre-Clovis sites.Die-off range: 15% disappeared during Clovis and the Younger Dryas overlap, 13.8–11.4 cal BPSpecies: ~35, 72% of megafauna, including dire wolf (Canis dirus), coyotes (C. latrans), and saber-toothed cats (Smilodon fatalis); American lion, short-faced bear (Arctodus simus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), scimitar-tooth sabercat (Homotherium serum), and dhole (Cuon alpinus) While the exact date is still under discussion, it is most likely that humans first arrived in North America no later than about 15,000 years ago, and perhaps as long ago as 20,000 years ago, at the end of the last glacial maximum, when entrance into the Americas from Beringia became feasible. The North and South American continents were rapidly colonized, with populations settled in Chile by 14,500, surely within a few hundred years of the first entry into the Americas. North America lost about 35 genera of mostly large animals during the Late Pleistocene, accounting for perhaps 50% of all mammal species larger than 70 lbs (32 kg), and all species larger than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg). The ground sloth, American lion, dire wolf, and short-faced bear, wooly mammoth, mastodon and Glyptotherium (a large bodied armadillo) all disappeared. At the same time, 19 genera of birds disappeared; and some animals and birds made radical changes in their habitats, permanently changing their migration patterns. Based on pollen studies, plant distributions also saw a radical change primarily between 13,000 to 10,000 calendar years ago (cal BP). Between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago, biomass burning gradually increased, particularly at the movements of rapid climate change at 13.9, 13.2, and 11.7 thousand years ago. These changes are not currently identified with specific changes in human population density or with the timing of the megafaunal extinction, but that doesnt necessarily mean that they are unrelated—the effects of the loss of large-bodied mammals on vegetation are very long-lasting. Australian Evidence Earliest human colonization: 45,000–50,000 cal BPImportant sites: Darling Downs, Kings Creek, Lynchs Crater (all in Queensland); Mt Cripps and Mowbray Swamp (Tasmania), Cuddie Springs and Lake Mungo (New South Wales)Die-off range: 122,000–7,000 years ago; at least 14 Mammalian genera and 88 species between 50,000–32,000 cal BPSpecies: Procoptodon (giant short-faced kangaroo), Genyornis newtoni, Zygomaturus, Protemnodon, sthenurine kangaroos and T. carnifex In Australia, several studies of megafaunal extinctions have been conducted of late, but the results of them are contradictory and conclusions must be considered controversial today. One difficulty with the evidence is that the human entrada into Australia occurred so much longer ago than that of the Americas. Most scholars agree that humans reached the Australian continent at least as long as 50,000 years ago; but evidence is sparse, and radiocarbon dating ineffective for dates older than 50,000 years old. Genyornis newtoni, Zygomaturus, Protemnodon, sthenurine kangaroos and T. carnifex all disappeared at or shortly after the human occupation of the Australian mainland. Twenty or more genera of giant marsupials, monotremes, birds, and reptiles were likely wiped out due to the direct intervention of human populations since they can find no connection to climate change. The local decline in diversity began nearly 75,000 years before human colonization, and thus cannot be the result of human intervention. South America Less scholarly research concerning the mass extinctions in South America has been published, at least in the English-language academic press. However, recent investigations suggest that the extinction intensity and timing varied across the South American continent, beginning in the northern latitudes several thousand years before the human occupation, but becoming more intense and rapid in the southern higher latitudes, after humans arrived. Further, the pace of extinction seems to have accelerated about 1,000 years after the humans arrived, coinciding with regional cold reversals, the South American equivalent of Younger Dryas. Some scholars have noted patterns of stadial/interstadial differences between North and South America, and have concluded that although there is no evidence for the blitzkrieg model—that is to say, mass-killing by humans--the human presence in combination with the rapid expansion of forests and environmental changes seems to have led to the collapse of the megafaunal ecosystem within a few hundred years. Earliest human colonization: 14,500 cal BP (Monte Verde, Chile)Last glacial maximum: 12,500-11,800 cal BP, in PatagoniaCold Reversal (Roughly equivalent to the Younger Dryas): 15,500-11,800 cal BP (Varies across the continent)Important sites: Lapa da Escrivà ¢nia 5(Brazil), Campo La Borde (Argentina), Monte Verde (Chile), Pedra Pintada (Brazil), Cueva del Milodà ³n, Fells Cave (Patagonia)Die-off: 18,000 to 11,000 cal BPSpecies: 52 genera or 83% of all megafauna; Holmesina, Glyptodon, Haplomastodon, prior to human colonization; Cuvieronius, Gomphotheres, Glossotherium, Equus, Hippidion, Mylodon, Eremotherium and Toxodon about 1,000 years after initial human colonization; Smilodon, Catonyx, Megatherium, and Doedicurus, late Holocene Recently, evidence of the survival of several species of giant ground sloth has been discovered in the West Indies, to as late as 5,000 years ago, coincident with the arrival of humans in the region. Selected Sources Barnosky, Anthony D., et al. Variable Impact of Late-Quaternary Megafaunal Extinction in Causing Ecological State Shifts in North and South America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.4 (2016): 856–61.  DeSantis, Larisa R. G., et al. Dietary Responses of Sahul (Pleistocene Australia–New Guinea) Megafauna to Climate and Environmental Change. Paleobiology 43.2 (2017): 181–95.  Galetti, Mauro, et al. Ecological and Evolutionary Legacy of Megafauna Extinctions. Biological Reviews 93.2 (2018): 845–62.  Metcalf, Jessica L., et al. Synergistic Roles of Climate Warming and Human Occupation in Patagonian Megafaunal Extinctions During the Last Deglaciation. Science Advances 2.6 (2016).  Rabanus-Wallace, M. Timothy, et al. Megafaunal Isotopes Reveal Role of Increased Moisture on Rangeland During Late Pleistocene Extinctions. Nature Ecology Evolution 1 (2017): 0125.  Tà ³th, Anikà ³ B., et al. Reorganization of Surviving Mammal Communitie s after the End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction. Science 365.6459 (2019): 1305–08.  van der Kaars, Sander, et al. Humans Rather Than Climate the Primary Cause of Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction in Australia. Nature Communications 8 (2017): 14142.